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    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105230",
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    "year": 2022,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-022-01899-y",
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    "quote_start": "For agri-environmental policy to be effective in fostering a transformation",
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    "year": 2023,
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    "page": 9,
    "quote_start": "Particularly, low payments and high opportunity costs, bad fit with established practices",
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    "title": "Adoption and potential of agri-environmental schemes in Europe: Cross-regional evidence from interviews with farmers",
    "year": 2023,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10526",
    "claim": "Many farmers viewed AES as compensation for practices they would implement anyway, casting doubt on additionality.",
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    "quote_start": "they are often simply viewed as a way",
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    "title": "Incentives, Rewards or Both in Payments for Ecosystem Services: Drawing a Link Between Farmers' Preferences and Biodiversity Levels",
    "year": 2023,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.107954",
    "claim": "The sample over-represented full-time farmers (73.8%) relative to the regional average (43.3%).",
    "page": 7,
    "quote_start": "share of full-time farmers",
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    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107094",
    "claim": "Most significant results (57% of seven models) suggest institutional trust and perceived policy stability correlate positively with AECM uptake; trust is rarely tested.",
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    "claim_id": "c06",
    "title": "What matters most in determining European farmers' participation in agri-environmental measures? A systematic review of the quantitative literature",
    "year": 2024,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107094",
    "claim": "Ex-ante studies often test contract attributes, but little ex-post research shows whether design factors like monitoring, flexibility and bureaucracy affect actual decisions.",
    "page": 15,
    "quote_start": "Although many ex-ante studies assess farmers'",
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    "claim_id": "c07",
    "title": "What matters most in determining European farmers' participation in agri-environmental measures? A systematic review of the quantitative literature",
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    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107094",
    "claim": "Random utility theory and the theory of planned behaviour are the most commonly used theoretical bases in AECM adoption research.",
    "page": 2,
    "quote_start": "From a theoretical angle, the most commonly",
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    "year": 2024,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107094",
    "claim": "Aligning measures with farmers' needs raises adoption, but excessive alignment risks self-selection of baseline-complying farmers and likely jeopardises additionality.",
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    "quote_start": "Enhancing the alignment of the measures with",
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    "year": 2023,
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    "claim": "Growers with abandoned olive fields more often attached low importance to environmental, health and landscape goals than growers with fields in production.",
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    "quote_start": "They also attach low importance",
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      "Reina-Usuga"
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    "year": 2023,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2023.106836",
    "claim": "Knowledge transfer is needed through traditional sources (agricultural associations) and institutional sources (universities, public research bodies, technology centres).",
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    "title": "Abandonment factors and alternatives in sloping olive growing: The case of Andalusia, Spain",
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      "Sayadi",
      "Reina-Usuga"
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    "claim_id": "c01",
    "title": "Examining the Effectiveness of Catch Crops as a Nature-Based Solution to Mitigate Surface Soil and Water Losses as an Environmental Regional Concern",
    "year": 2021,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-021-00284-9",
    "claim": "Almost all surveyed citrus farmers (95%) regarded catch crops as 'dirty' management, and very few (5.5%) believed they improve soil quality.",
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    "authors": [
      "Cerdà",
      "Franch-Pardo",
      "Novara",
      "Sannigrahi",
      "Rodrigo-Comino"
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    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.02.007",
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    "quote_start": "ecological responses to management actions in these systems (such as planting hedgerows or building up organic matter in soils) happen slowly",
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      "Castillo",
      "Esquivel",
      "Gennet",
      "Iles",
      "Karp",
      "Kremen",
      "Liebert",
      "Olimpi",
      "Ory",
      "Ryan",
      "Sciligo",
      "Thompson",
      "Waterhouse",
      "Boettiger"
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      "Cimatti",
      "Sessa",
      "Mendez Angarita",
      "Dragonetti",
      "Pacifici",
      "Rondinini",
      "Di Marco"
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    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbz019",
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      "Dessart",
      "Barreiro-Hurlé",
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    "year": 2019,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbz019",
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    "claim_id": "c09",
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    "year": 2019,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbz019",
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    "quote_start": "For instance, in the current impact assessment",
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    "year": 2019,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbz019",
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    "citekey": "devries2019",
    "claim_id": "c03",
    "title": "Trusting the People and the System. The Interrelation Between Interpersonal and Institutional Trust in Collective Action for Agri-Environmental Management",
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    "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247022",
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    "authors": [
      "de Vries",
      "van der Zee",
      "Beunen",
      "Kat",
      "Feindt"
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      "scheme": "aes_collective",
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    "citekey": "devries2019",
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    "title": "Trusting the People and the System. The Interrelation Between Interpersonal and Institutional Trust in Collective Action for Agri-Environmental Management",
    "year": 2019,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247022",
    "claim": "Auditing was experienced as an expression of mistrust, offsetting the trust signal created by greater farmer responsibilities.",
    "page": 10,
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    "authors": [
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      "Beunen",
      "Kat",
      "Feindt"
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    "year": 2019,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247022",
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    "title": "Benefits of organic olive rainfed systems to control soil erosion and runoff and improve soil health restoration",
    "year": 2020,
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    "authors": [
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      "Rodríguez",
      "García-Tejero",
      "Ruiz",
      "Tavira"
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      "system": "olive",
      "scheme": "na",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
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    "title": "Private land conservation decision-making: An integrative social science model",
    "year": 2022,
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    "claim": "The model explains behavioural heterogeneity through interactions among decision context, behaviour attributes and decision-maker attributes.",
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    "authors": [
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      "Ashenfarb",
      "Dayer",
      "Hillis",
      "Iacona",
      "Markowitz",
      "Marquart-Pyatt",
      "Treakle"
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      "outcome": "behaviour"
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    "title": "Junta de Andalucía / AGAPA, Análisis de las plantaciones de olivar en Andalucía. Año 2015 (ESYRCE)",
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    "url": "",
    "claim": "39.7% of Andalusian olive (622,650 ha) already had a spontaneous cover crop in 2015, before the eco-scheme existed.",
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    "quote_start": "CUBIERTA VEGETAL ESPONTÁNEA 622.650 39,7%",
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    "citation_mode": "cite_original_source",
    "apa_cite": "ESYRCE, None",
    "citation_review": true,
    "authors": [
      "ESYRCE"
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    "context": {
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    "claim_id": "c05",
    "title": "Conservation Agriculture and Soil Organic Carbon: Principles, Processes, Practices and Policy Options",
    "year": 2023,
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      "Barth",
      "Jugert",
      "Masson",
      "Reese"
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      "Guzmán",
      "Castillo-Llanque",
      "Vanwalleghem",
      "Lora",
      "Giráldez"
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    "authors": [
      "Alfonso Gómez"
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      "Colombo",
      "Romero-Varo",
      "Villanueva"
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    "authors": [
      "Gütschow",
      "Bartkowski",
      "Felipe-Lucia"
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    "authors": [
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    "title": "An adoption spectrum for sustainable agriculture practices: A new framework applied to cover crop adoption",
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    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103771",
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    "quote_start": "Indeed, we find that both self-efficacy",
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    "authors": [
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      "Casimiro‐Soriguer",
      "Ochoa‐Hueso"
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      "Gorris",
      "Pahl-Wostl",
      "Schwarz"
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    "title": "How much is policy driving the adoption of cover crops? Evidence from four EU regions",
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    "quote_start": "Environmental considerations were not found",
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    "authors": [
      "Kathage",
      "Smit",
      "Janssens",
      "Haagsma",
      "Adrados"
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      "system": "arable",
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      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
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    "citekey": "kathage2022",
    "claim_id": "c10",
    "title": "How much is policy driving the adoption of cover crops? Evidence from four EU regions",
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    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106016",
    "claim": "Stated responsiveness and WTA results may suffer from hypothetical bias and strategic over-reporting of required subsidies.",
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      "Kathage",
      "Smit",
      "Janssens",
      "Haagsma",
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    "claim_id": "c06",
    "title": "The prospects of innovative agri-environmental contracts in the European policy context: Results from a Delphi study",
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    "authors": [
      "Kelemen",
      "Megyesi",
      "Matzdorf",
      "Andersen",
      "van Bussel",
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      "García-Llorente",
      "Hamon",
      "LePage",
      "Moruzzo",
      "Prager",
      "Riccioli",
      "Yacamán-Ochoa"
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      "system": "multi",
      "scheme": "multi",
      "evidence": "mixed",
      "outcome": "attitude_only"
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    "attributed_study": null,
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    "claim_id": "c04",
    "title": "Nudging farmers to enrol land into agri-environmental schemes: the virtues of a collective bonus",
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    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbv031",
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    "page": 13,
    "quote_start": "Introducing a bonus or free technical",
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    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
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    "apa_cite": "Kuhfuss et al., 2015",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Kuhfuss",
      "Préget",
      "Thoyer",
      "Hanley"
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    "context": {
      "geography": "med_eu",
      "system": "other_permanent",
      "scheme": "aes_collective",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "wta_wtp_stated"
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    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
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    "citekey": "kuhfuss2015",
    "claim_id": "c06",
    "title": "Nudging farmers to enrol land into agri-environmental schemes: the virtues of a collective bonus",
    "year": 2015,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbv031",
    "claim": "Without flexibility to use herbicides in problem areas, farmers were less likely to enrol their whole vineyard.",
    "page": 16,
    "quote_start": "Furthermore, we can see that if the",
    "quote_end": "their whole vineyard area.",
    "caveat": "transfer",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
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    "apa_cite": "Kuhfuss et al., 2015",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Kuhfuss",
      "Préget",
      "Thoyer",
      "Hanley"
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      "system": "other_permanent",
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    "citekey": "kuhfuss2015",
    "claim_id": "c07",
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    "year": 2015,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbv031",
    "claim": "The online sample under-represented women, older, less-educated winegrowers and smaller cooperative-member farms relative to the census.",
    "page": 12,
    "quote_start": "Our sample is slightly biased because of",
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    "authors": [
      "Kuhfuss",
      "Préget",
      "Thoyer",
      "Hanley"
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    "citekey": "kuhfuss2015",
    "claim_id": "c09",
    "title": "Nudging farmers to enrol land into agri-environmental schemes: the virtues of a collective bonus",
    "year": 2015,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbv031",
    "claim": "Simulated adoption rose more with a conditional collective bonus than with an equivalent unconditional payment increase.",
    "page": 18,
    "quote_start": "On average, farmers have a probability of",
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    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
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    "apa_cite": "Kuhfuss et al., 2015",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Kuhfuss",
      "Préget",
      "Thoyer",
      "Hanley"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "med_eu",
      "system": "other_permanent",
      "scheme": "aes_collective",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "wta_wtp_stated"
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    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "kuhfuss2016:c02": {
    "citekey": "kuhfuss2016",
    "claim_id": "c02",
    "title": "Nudges, social norms and permanence in agri-environmental schemes",
    "year": 2016,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.3368/le.92.4.641",
    "claim": "Information that most peers intend to continue more than doubled the odds of stating intention to maintain AES practices.",
    "page": 17,
    "quote_start": "the odds ratios show that the odds",
    "quote_end": "in the control group (Table 3).",
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    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Kuhfuss et al., 2016",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Kuhfuss",
      "Préget",
      "Thoyer",
      "Hanley",
      "Coent",
      "Désolé"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "other_eu_ch_uk",
      "system": "mixed",
      "scheme": "aes_practice",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "intention"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "kuhfuss2016:c03": {
    "citekey": "kuhfuss2016",
    "claim_id": "c03",
    "title": "Nudges, social norms and permanence in agri-environmental schemes",
    "year": 2016,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.3368/le.92.4.641",
    "claim": "Positive versus negative framing of the same norm information had no significant effect on stated intention.",
    "page": 17,
    "quote_start": "However, a test of equality of parameters",
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    "caveat": "object_mismatch",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Kuhfuss et al., 2016",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Kuhfuss",
      "Préget",
      "Thoyer",
      "Hanley",
      "Coent",
      "Désolé"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "other_eu_ch_uk",
      "system": "mixed",
      "scheme": "aes_practice",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "intention"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "kuhfuss2016:c06": {
    "citekey": "kuhfuss2016",
    "claim_id": "c06",
    "title": "Nudges, social norms and permanence in agri-environmental schemes",
    "year": 2016,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.3368/le.92.4.641",
    "claim": "About two-thirds of AES participants said they joined partly because their practices already matched the requirements.",
    "page": 13,
    "quote_start": "Some 68% of the farmers of our",
    "quote_end": "line with AES requirements.",
    "caveat": "transfer",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Kuhfuss et al., 2016",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Kuhfuss",
      "Préget",
      "Thoyer",
      "Hanley",
      "Coent",
      "Désolé"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "other_eu_ch_uk",
      "system": "mixed",
      "scheme": "aes_practice",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "intention"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "kuhfuss2016:c08": {
    "citekey": "kuhfuss2016",
    "claim_id": "c08",
    "title": "Nudges, social norms and permanence in agri-environmental schemes",
    "year": 2016,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.3368/le.92.4.641",
    "claim": "Reliance on stated intentions is a limitation because farmers may strategically over- or under-state intentions.",
    "page": 20,
    "quote_start": "One potential limit of this paper",
    "quote_end": "will actually maintain them.",
    "caveat": "none",
    "evidence_origin": "authors_argument",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Kuhfuss et al., 2016",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Kuhfuss",
      "Préget",
      "Thoyer",
      "Hanley",
      "Coent",
      "Désolé"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "other_eu_ch_uk",
      "system": "mixed",
      "scheme": "aes_practice",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "intention"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
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    "citekey": "lopezbernal2023",
    "claim_id": "c01",
    "title": "Modelling the impacts of cover crop management strategies on the water use, carbon exchange and yield of olive orchards",
    "year": 2022,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-022-01570-6",
    "claim": "Spanish CAP implementation promotes cover-crop adoption in olive orchards through mandatory requirements rather than voluntary incentives.",
    "page": 284,
    "quote_start": "In the light of some of these",
    "quote_end": "requirements in olive orchards.",
    "caveat": "object_mismatch",
    "evidence_origin": "authors_argument",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "López-Bernal et al., 2022",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "López-Bernal",
      "García-Tejera",
      "Testi",
      "Villalobos"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "andalusia",
      "system": "olive",
      "scheme": "na",
      "evidence": "modelling",
      "outcome": "biophysical"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "mack2019:c02": {
    "citekey": "mack2019",
    "claim_id": "c02",
    "title": "Determinants of the perceived administrative transaction costs caused by the uptake of an agri-environmental program",
    "year": 2019,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2018.1515311",
    "claim": "Knowledge of policy regulations significantly reduced farmers' perceived administrative workload of the programme.",
    "page": 1815,
    "quote_start": "We verified that knowledge of policy",
    "quote_end": "[variable Policy information].",
    "caveat": "transfer",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Mack et al., 2019",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Mack",
      "Kohler",
      "Heitkämper",
      "El-Benni"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "other_eu_ch_uk",
      "system": "livestock",
      "scheme": "non_eu_program",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "attitude_only"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "mack2019:c05": {
    "citekey": "mack2019",
    "claim_id": "c05",
    "title": "Determinants of the perceived administrative transaction costs caused by the uptake of an agri-environmental program",
    "year": 2019,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2018.1515311",
    "claim": "Farmers who had experienced enforcement measures rated the administrative workload significantly higher, with a majority rating it high.",
    "page": 1814,
    "quote_start": "Figure 1, Enforcements, indicates that",
    "quote_end": "rates the workload to be high.",
    "caveat": "transfer",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Mack et al., 2019",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Mack",
      "Kohler",
      "Heitkämper",
      "El-Benni"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "other_eu_ch_uk",
      "system": "livestock",
      "scheme": "non_eu_program",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "attitude_only"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "mack2021:c02": {
    "citekey": "mack2021",
    "claim_id": "c02",
    "title": "The Effect of Administrative Burden on Farmers' Perceptions of Cross-Compliance-Based Direct Payment Policy",
    "year": 2021,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13335",
    "claim": "Greater experienced administrative burden significantly predicted a more negative perception of cross-compliance direct-payment policy.",
    "page": 5,
    "quote_start": "Overall, regression results verify",
    "quote_end": "Thus, H1 cannot be rejected.",
    "caveat": "object_mismatch",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Mack et al., 2021",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Mack",
      "Ritzel",
      "Heitkämper",
      "El Benni"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "other_eu_ch_uk",
      "system": "multi",
      "scheme": "conditionality",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "attitude_only"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "mapa2025:c05": {
    "citekey": "mapa2025",
    "claim_id": "c05",
    "title": "La campaña PAC 2025 registra más de 582.000 solicitudes y 22 millones de hectáreas declaradas en toda España",
    "year": 2025,
    "url": "",
    "claim": "The ministry presents eco-schemes as the main novelty of CAP 2023-2027, remunerating voluntary environmental practices, with consolidated good reception.",
    "page": 2,
    "quote_start": "Los datos evidencian la consolidación",
    "quote_end": "en favor del medio ambiente.",
    "caveat": "evidence_type",
    "evidence_origin": "authors_argument",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "MAPA, 2025",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "MAPA"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "spain",
      "system": "multi",
      "scheme": "eco_scheme",
      "evidence": "statistics",
      "outcome": "behaviour"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "massfeller2022:c04": {
    "citekey": "massfeller2022",
    "claim_id": "c04",
    "title": "Farmers’ acceptance of results-based agri-environmental schemes: A German perspective",
    "year": 2022,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106281",
    "claim": "A one-unit increase in injunctive norms may be associated with approximately 99% more arable land intended for enrolment among willing participants.",
    "page": 7,
    "quote_start": "For the second step, participation intensity",
    "quote_end": "approximately 99 %.",
    "caveat": "outcome_type",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Massfeller et al., 2022",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Massfeller",
      "Meraner",
      "Hüttel",
      "Uehleke"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "other_eu_ch_uk",
      "system": "arable",
      "scheme": "aes_results",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "intention"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "massfeller2022:c05": {
    "citekey": "massfeller2022",
    "claim_id": "c05",
    "title": "Farmers’ acceptance of results-based agri-environmental schemes: A German perspective",
    "year": 2022,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106281",
    "claim": "Cognitive factors may shape entry into the scheme, while social factors appear more closely related to intended participation intensity.",
    "page": 8,
    "quote_start": "Overall, these findings lend support",
    "quote_end": "clearly related to social factors.",
    "caveat": "outcome_type",
    "evidence_origin": "authors_argument",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Massfeller et al., 2022",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Massfeller",
      "Meraner",
      "Hüttel",
      "Uehleke"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "other_eu_ch_uk",
      "system": "arable",
      "scheme": "aes_results",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "intention"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "massfeller2022:c08": {
    "citekey": "massfeller2022",
    "claim_id": "c08",
    "title": "Farmers’ acceptance of results-based agri-environmental schemes: A German perspective",
    "year": 2022,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106281",
    "claim": "The younger, better-educated and more AES-experienced convenience sample may have biased stated scheme acceptance upward.",
    "page": 9,
    "quote_start": "Second, we rely on a convenience sample",
    "quote_end": "might have distorted scheme acceptance upwards.",
    "caveat": "outcome_type",
    "evidence_origin": "authors_argument",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Massfeller et al., 2022",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Massfeller",
      "Meraner",
      "Hüttel",
      "Uehleke"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "other_eu_ch_uk",
      "system": "arable",
      "scheme": "aes_results",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "intention"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "moralesjerrett2020:c01": {
    "citekey": "moralesjerrett2020",
    "claim_id": "c01",
    "title": "The Contribution of Traditional Meat Goat Farming Systems to Human Wellbeing and Its Importance for the Sustainability of This Livestock Subsector",
    "year": 2020,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031181",
    "claim": "Irregularity and delays in receiving aid scored 2.67 of 3 as a limiting factor for Andalusian meat goat farming.",
    "page": 11,
    "quote_start": null,
    "quote_end": null,
    "caveat": "transfer",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Morales-Jerrett et al., 2020",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Morales-Jerrett",
      "Mancilla-Leytón",
      "Delgado-Pertíñez",
      "Mena"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "andalusia",
      "system": "livestock",
      "scheme": "multi",
      "evidence": "mixed",
      "outcome": "economic"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "munozulecia2025:c04": {
    "citekey": "munozulecia2025",
    "claim_id": "c04",
    "title": "Fighting the pollinators decline in practice – Farmers’ willingness to accept an eco-scheme for their conservation in Aragon, Spain",
    "year": 2025,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100208",
    "claim": "Greater environmental concern was positively related to choosing the most demanding land allocations and every pesticide-reduction level.",
    "page": 6,
    "quote_start": "Regarding the interaction between farmers’ environmental concerns",
    "quote_end": "permanent crops sample (Tables 6 and 7).",
    "caveat": "transfer",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Muñoz-Ulecia et al., 2025",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Muñoz-Ulecia",
      "Uldemolins",
      "Bernués",
      "de-Magistris",
      "Villamayor-Tomás",
      "Martín-Collado"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "spain",
      "system": "mixed",
      "scheme": "eco_scheme",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "wta_wtp_stated"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "niskanen2021:c09": {
    "citekey": "niskanen2021",
    "claim_id": "c09",
    "title": "Farmers' heterogeneous preferences towards results-based environmental policies",
    "year": 2021,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105227",
    "claim": "The internet survey yielded 591 usable responses at 13% (crop) and 11% (livestock) response rates.",
    "page": 2,
    "quote_start": "The questionnaire produced 591 usable responses",
    "quote_end": "for animal husbandry farmers.",
    "caveat": "none",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Niskanen et al., 2021",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Niskanen",
      "Tienhaara",
      "Haltia",
      "Pouta"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "other_eu_ch_uk",
      "system": "mixed",
      "scheme": "aes_results",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "wta_wtp_stated"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "niskanen2021:c10": {
    "citekey": "niskanen2021",
    "claim_id": "c10",
    "title": "Farmers' heterogeneous preferences towards results-based environmental policies",
    "year": 2021,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105227",
    "claim": "Attitude sum-scales with Cronbach's alpha between 0.67 and 0.75 were treated as acceptable for aggregation.",
    "page": 5,
    "quote_start": "Alpha scores for the three aggregates",
    "quote_end": "were acceptable (0.67–0.75).",
    "caveat": "none",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Niskanen et al., 2021",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Niskanen",
      "Tienhaara",
      "Haltia",
      "Pouta"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "other_eu_ch_uk",
      "system": "mixed",
      "scheme": "aes_results",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "wta_wtp_stated"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "ouroagouda2024:c01": {
    "citekey": "ouroagouda2024",
    "claim_id": "c01",
    "title": "Farmers’ Willingness to Participate in Collective Results-based Agri-environment- and-Climate Schemes: A Choice Experiment in Southern Spain",
    "year": 2024,
    "url": "",
    "claim": "The online survey yielded 658 complete questionnaires, an 8% response rate.",
    "page": 39,
    "quote_start": "The final sample includes 658",
    "quote_end": "response rate of 8%).",
    "caveat": "outcome_type",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Ouro Aghouda, 2024",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Ouro Aghouda"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "andalusia",
      "system": "olive",
      "scheme": "multi",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "wta_wtp_stated"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "parra2022:c07": {
    "citekey": "parra2022",
    "claim_id": "c07",
    "title": "Identification of Farmers' Barriers to Implement Sustainable Management Practices in Olive Groves",
    "year": 2022,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116451",
    "claim": "Omega reliabilities were 0.78, 0.63, 0.68 and 0.59 for the four factors, with a total-score omega of 0.67 described as acceptable.",
    "page": 8,
    "quote_start": "The consistency values (Omega McDonald's)",
    "quote_end": "was acceptable (0.67).",
    "caveat": "none",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Parra et al., 2022",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Parra",
      "Garcia-Lopez",
      "Piqueras",
      "García"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "spain",
      "system": "olive",
      "scheme": "general_practice_adoption",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "attitude_only"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "peer2022:c02": {
    "citekey": "peer2022",
    "claim_id": "c02",
    "title": "How can the European Common Agricultural Policy help halt biodiversity loss? Recommendations by over 300 experts",
    "year": 2022,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12901",
    "claim": "Funding primarily existing practices through eco-schemes risks windfall effects and watered-down environmental ambition.",
    "page": 6,
    "quote_start": "There is a considerable risk of watering down",
    "quote_end": "included under Conditionality.",
    "caveat": "evidence_type",
    "evidence_origin": "authors_argument",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Pe'er et al., 2022",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Pe'er",
      "Finn",
      "Díaz",
      "Birkenstock",
      "Lakner",
      "Röder",
      "Kazakova",
      "Šumrada",
      "Bezák",
      "Concepción",
      "Dänhardt",
      "Morales",
      "Rac",
      "Špulerová",
      "Schindler",
      "Stavrinides",
      "Targetti",
      "Viaggi",
      "Vogiatzakis",
      "Guyomard"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "multi",
      "system": "multi",
      "scheme": "multi",
      "evidence": "empirical_qual",
      "outcome": "other"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "peer2022:c07": {
    "citekey": "peer2022",
    "claim_id": "c07",
    "title": "How can the European Common Agricultural Policy help halt biodiversity loss? Recommendations by over 300 experts",
    "year": 2022,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12901",
    "claim": "Many national eco-scheme options support existing practices with little added value, some merely substituting weak conditionality standards.",
    "page": 10,
    "quote_start": "Although some Eco-schemes include options with",
    "quote_end": "longer-term fallow land).",
    "caveat": "evidence_type",
    "evidence_origin": "authors_argument",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Pe'er et al., 2022",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Pe'er",
      "Finn",
      "Díaz",
      "Birkenstock",
      "Lakner",
      "Röder",
      "Kazakova",
      "Šumrada",
      "Bezák",
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      "Villamayor-Tomas"
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      "Prokopy"
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    "quote_start": "19.105.887 hectáreas solicitadas para ecorregímenes",
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    "year": null,
    "url": "",
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    "quote_start": "farmers are facing an exceptional range of difficulties and uncertainties",
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    "authors": [
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      "Calero",
      "Domouso",
      "García-Ruiz"
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    "title": "Social Innovation in Rural Areas? The Case of Andalusian Olive Oil Co-Operatives",
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      "Rodríguez-Cohard",
      "Garrido-Almonacid",
      "Gallego-Simón"
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    "page": 1,
    "quote_start": "Our analysis highlights the role of farmer attitudes",
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      "Schaub"
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    "claim": "A traditional 'good farmer' identity seems to discourage AES participation across several European regions.",
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    "quote_start": "Overall, the idea of being a",
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      "Schaub"
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    "claim": "The review extends TPB with legitimacy and trust, noting prior trust extensions mainly in consumer-choice studies.",
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    "title": "Soil loss in an olive grove in Central Spain under cover crops and tillage treatments, and farmer perceptions",
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    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1589-9",
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    "quote_start": "Moreover, the growers mention a social disapproval",
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    "authors": [
      "Sastre",
      "Barbero-Sierra",
      "Bienes",
      "Marques",
      "García-Díaz"
    ],
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      "geography": "spain",
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      "scheme": "general_practice_adoption",
      "evidence": "mixed",
      "outcome": "biophysical"
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    "attributed_study": null,
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    "title": "The role of behavioural factors and opportunity costs in farmers' participation in voluntary agri-environmental schemes: A systematic review",
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    "quote_start": "Following the underpinnings of the Theory",
    "quote_end": "intent to enroll in CRP.",
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    "apa_cite": "Thapa et al., 2024",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Thapa",
      "Chapagain",
      "McMurry",
      "Smith",
      "Joshi"
    ],
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      "geography": "non_eu",
      "system": "arable",
      "scheme": "non_eu_program",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "intention"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
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    "citekey": "thapa2024",
    "claim_id": "c11",
    "title": "thapa2024",
    "year": 2024,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107163",
    "claim": "Programme design and incentives should express the ecosystem value of the target outcome and address financial and non-financial motivations together.",
    "page": 6,
    "quote_start": "CRP design and incentives should represent",
    "quote_end": "factors that influence their future behavior.",
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    "evidence_origin": "authors_argument",
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    "apa_cite": "Thapa et al., 2024",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Thapa",
      "Chapagain",
      "McMurry",
      "Smith",
      "Joshi"
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      "geography": "non_eu",
      "system": "arable",
      "scheme": "non_eu_program",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "intention"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
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    "citekey": "topp2024",
    "claim_id": "c01",
    "title": "Mediterranean farmers' understandings of 'good soil management' and 'good farmer' identity in the context of conservation agriculture",
    "year": 2024,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2024.2335083",
    "claim": "Productivity and experience/knowledge were the most prominent good-farmer concepts for both conservation-agriculture and conventional-tillage farmers.",
    "page": 14,
    "quote_start": "Concerning the second objective of revealing",
    "quote_end": "their adopted tillage practices.",
    "caveat": "transfer",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Topp et al., 2024",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Topp",
      "Stephan",
      "Varela",
      "Cicek",
      "Plieninger"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "multi",
      "system": "arable",
      "scheme": "general_practice_adoption",
      "evidence": "mixed",
      "outcome": "attitude_only"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "topp2024:c07": {
    "citekey": "topp2024",
    "claim_id": "c07",
    "title": "Mediterranean farmers' understandings of 'good soil management' and 'good farmer' identity in the context of conservation agriculture",
    "year": 2024,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2024.2335083",
    "claim": "Targeted sampling through extension networks and project contacts means the sample does not represent the wider farming population.",
    "page": 16,
    "quote_start": "Our targeted sampling of farmers means",
    "quote_end": "other agricultural communities.",
    "caveat": "transfer",
    "evidence_origin": "authors_argument",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Topp et al., 2024",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Topp",
      "Stephan",
      "Varela",
      "Cicek",
      "Plieninger"
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    "context": {
      "geography": "multi",
      "system": "arable",
      "scheme": "general_practice_adoption",
      "evidence": "mixed",
      "outcome": "attitude_only"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
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    "citekey": "vainio2021",
    "claim_id": "c01",
    "title": "The legitimacy of result-oriented and action-oriented agri-environmental schemes: A comparison of farmers' and citizens' perceptions",
    "year": 2021,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104358",
    "claim": "Citizens perceived the proposed result-oriented AES as more legitimate, whereas farmers attributed greater legitimacy to the current action-oriented AES.",
    "page": 1,
    "quote_start": "The results demonstrated that Finnish citizens",
    "quote_end": "the current action-oriented AES.",
    "caveat": "transfer",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Vainio et al., 2021",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Vainio",
      "Tienhaara",
      "Haltia",
      "Hyvönen",
      "Pyysiäinen",
      "Pouta"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "other_eu_ch_uk",
      "system": "mixed",
      "scheme": "multi",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "attitude_only"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "vainio2021:c08": {
    "citekey": "vainio2021",
    "claim_id": "c08",
    "title": "The legitimacy of result-oriented and action-oriented agri-environmental schemes: A comparison of farmers' and citizens' perceptions",
    "year": 2021,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104358",
    "claim": "The cross-sectional survey design precludes causal inference between legitimacy perceptions and their correlates.",
    "page": 7,
    "quote_start": "The survey was cross-sectional, and therefore",
    "quote_end": "the variables cannot be made.",
    "caveat": "none",
    "evidence_origin": "authors_argument",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Vainio et al., 2021",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Vainio",
      "Tienhaara",
      "Haltia",
      "Hyvönen",
      "Pyysiäinen",
      "Pouta"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "other_eu_ch_uk",
      "system": "mixed",
      "scheme": "multi",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "attitude_only"
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    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "vainio2021:c11": {
    "citekey": "vainio2021",
    "claim_id": "c11",
    "title": "The legitimacy of result-oriented and action-oriented agri-environmental schemes: A comparison of farmers' and citizens' perceptions",
    "year": 2021,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104358",
    "claim": "Among both farmers and citizens, preference for the action-oriented AES was associated with perceiving agriculture as already successful in producing ecosystem services.",
    "page": 7,
    "quote_start": "Among both groups, a preference for action-oriented",
    "quote_end": "had been successful in producing ecosystem services.",
    "caveat": "transfer",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Vainio et al., 2021",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Vainio",
      "Tienhaara",
      "Haltia",
      "Hyvönen",
      "Pyysiäinen",
      "Pouta"
    ],
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      "geography": "other_eu_ch_uk",
      "system": "mixed",
      "scheme": "multi",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "attitude_only"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
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    "citekey": "villanueva2024",
    "claim_id": "c01",
    "title": "Comparing practice- and results-based agri-environmental schemes controlled by remote sensing: An application to olive groves in Spain",
    "year": 2024,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12573",
    "claim": "In the choice tasks, 62% of Andalusian sloping-olive farmers chose practice-based schemes versus 53% for results-based schemes, a significant difference.",
    "page": 534,
    "quote_start": "Respondents' choices indicate that 62%",
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    "caveat": "outcome_type",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Villanueva et al., 2024",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Villanueva",
      "Granado‐Díaz",
      "Colombo"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "andalusia",
      "system": "olive",
      "scheme": "multi",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "wta_wtp_stated"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
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    "citekey": "villanueva2024",
    "claim_id": "c06",
    "title": "Comparing practice- and results-based agri-environmental schemes controlled by remote sensing: An application to olive groves in Spain",
    "year": 2024,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12573",
    "claim": "Authors argue remote-sensing monitoring requires trust and recommend online support systems and genuine collaboration between farmers and the implementing agency.",
    "page": 542,
    "quote_start": "Clearly, the shift to a remote",
    "quote_end": "between the two parties.",
    "caveat": "evidence_type",
    "evidence_origin": "authors_argument",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Villanueva et al., 2024",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Villanueva",
      "Granado‐Díaz",
      "Colombo"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "andalusia",
      "system": "olive",
      "scheme": "multi",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "wta_wtp_stated"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "villanueva2024:c07": {
    "citekey": "villanueva2024",
    "claim_id": "c07",
    "title": "Comparing practice- and results-based agri-environmental schemes controlled by remote sensing: An application to olive groves in Spain",
    "year": 2024,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12573",
    "claim": "Protest respondents among Andalusian olive growers cited rejection of any subsidy and lack of trust in public implementing agencies as main reasons.",
    "page": 533,
    "quote_start": "The main reasons respondents gave for",
    "quote_end": "the public implementing agencies.",
    "caveat": "none",
    "evidence_origin": "own_data",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Villanueva et al., 2024",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Villanueva",
      "Granado‐Díaz",
      "Colombo"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "andalusia",
      "system": "olive",
      "scheme": "multi",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "wta_wtp_stated"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "villanueva2024:c08": {
    "citekey": "villanueva2024",
    "claim_id": "c08",
    "title": "Comparing practice- and results-based agri-environmental schemes controlled by remote sensing: An application to olive groves in Spain",
    "year": 2024,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12573",
    "claim": "Authors propose that results-based requirements could be reduced when external causes such as adverse climatic conditions make outcomes unattainable.",
    "page": 540,
    "quote_start": "The application could also be used",
    "quote_end": "achieve the expected results.",
    "caveat": "evidence_type",
    "evidence_origin": "authors_argument",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Villanueva et al., 2024",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Villanueva",
      "Granado‐Díaz",
      "Colombo"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "andalusia",
      "system": "olive",
      "scheme": "multi",
      "evidence": "empirical_quant",
      "outcome": "wta_wtp_stated"
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    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  },
  "zielinski2025:c07": {
    "citekey": "zielinski2025",
    "claim_id": "c07",
    "title": "Development of Eco-Schemes as an Important Environmental Measure in Areas Facing Natural or Other Specific Constraints Under the Common Agriculture Policy 2023–2027: Evidence from Poland",
    "year": 2025,
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062781",
    "claim": "Authors assume the most chosen Polish eco-scheme practices were already long in use, so payments may largely reward pre-existing behaviour.",
    "page": 13,
    "quote_start": "It is reasonable to assume that these practices",
    "quote_end": "nutrients in the soil).",
    "caveat": "evidence_type",
    "evidence_origin": "authors_argument",
    "citation_mode": "cite_this_paper",
    "apa_cite": "Zieliński et al., 2025",
    "citation_review": false,
    "authors": [
      "Zieliński",
      "Józwiak",
      "Żak",
      "Rokicki"
    ],
    "context": {
      "geography": "other_eu_ch_uk",
      "system": "multi",
      "scheme": "eco_scheme",
      "evidence": "statistics",
      "outcome": "behaviour"
    },
    "attributed_study": null,
    "status": "extracted; not independently certified"
  }
}
